AmO Ho$ AmYw{ZH$ BÝgmZ _| ^r ZwH$gmZ Am¡a AmnXm§Amo go b‹S>Zo H$r dhr gwajm n«d¥Îmr nm`r OmVr h¡ Omo n«mMrZ H$mb Ho$ _mZd _| ì`mßV Wr& AmJ Am¡a ~mT> O¡gr AmnXm| go ~MZo Ho$ {b`o CÝhm|Zo H$mo{ffo H$r Am¡a AnZr gwajm Ho$ {b`o ha n«H$ma Ho$ ~{bXmZ XoZo H$mo ^r VËna ahVo Wo&
hmbm§{H$ ~r_m H$aU {H$ AdYaUm {nN>bo Hw$N> dfm] _| hr Am`r h¡, Img Vm¡a go CÕmoo{JH$aU Ho$ ~mX Ho$ g_` _|............. Hw$N> g{X`m| nhbo ........... bo{H$Z {\$a ^r BgHo$ A§Hw$a 6000 gmb nhbo hr \y$Q> MwHo$ Wo&
OrdZ ~r_m AnZo AmYw{ZH$ ê$n Ho$ gmW 1818 XeH$ _| B§½b¢S> go ^maV AmB©& ^maV H$r nhbr OrdZ ~r_m H$ånZr H$bH$Îmm _| `wamo{n`Ýg Ho$ Ûmam ewê$ {H$ JB© {OgH$m Zm_ Wm Amo[aEÝQ§>b bmB©\$ ~r_m& Cg g_` g^r ~r_m H$ånZr`m| {H$ ñWmnZm `wamo{n` g_wXm` H$r Oê$aV H$mo nwam H$aZo do {b`o H$r JB© Wr Am¡a `o H$ånZr`m ^maVr` _yb Ho$ bmoJm| H$m ~r_m Zht H$aVr Wr, bo{H$Z Hw$N> g_` ~mX ~m~y _wÎmrbmb grb O¡go _hmZ ì`pŠV`m| {H$ H$mo{eem| go {dXoer OrdZ ~r_m H$ånZr`m| Zo ^maVr`m| H$m ^r ~r_m H$aU H$aZm ewê$ {H$`m& naÝVw `h H$ånZr`m§ ^maVr`m| Ho$ gmW {ZåZ ñVa H$m ì`dhma aIVr Wr, O¡go ^mar Am¡a A{YH$ {n«{_`_ H$r _m§J H$aZm&
^maV H$r nhbr OrdZ ~r_m H$ånZr H$r Zrd 1870 _| _w§~B© _wÀ`wAb bmB©\$ ~r_m gmogm`Q>r Ho$ Zm_ go aIr JB©, OrgZo ^maVr`m| H$m ~r_m ^r g_mZ Xam| na H$aZm ewê$ {H$`m& nwar Vah ñdXoer BZ H$ånZr`m| H$r ewê$dmV Xoe^pŠV H$r ^mdZm go hþB©& `o H$ånZr`m§ g_mO Ho$ {d{^ÝZ dJm§} H$r gwajm Am¡a ~r_m H$aU H$m g§Xoe boH$a gm_Zo Am`r Wr& ^maV ~r_m H$ånZr (1896) ^r amîQ´>r`Vm go n«^m{dV EH$ Eogr hr H$ånZr Wr&
1905 - 1907 Ho$ ñdXoer Am§XmobZ Zo Eogr Am¡a ^r H$B© ~r_m H$ånZr`m| H$mo ~Ydm° {X`m& _Ðmg _| {X `wZmB©Qo>S> B§{S>`m, H$mobH$mVm _| ZoeZb BpÊS>`Z Am¡a ZoeZb ~r_m VhV 1906 _| bmhm¡a _| H$mo - Am°nao{Q>ìh ~r_m H$r ñWmnZm hþB©& H$mobH$mVm _| _hmZ H$dr adrÝÐ ZmW Qo>Jmoa Ho$ Ka Omoamg§»`m Ho$ EH$ N>moQo> go H$_ao _| {hXwñVmZ H$mo - Am°nao{Q>ìh ~r_m H$ånZr H$a OÝ_ 1907 _| hþAm& CZ {XZm| ñWm{nV hmoZo dmbr Hw$N> Eogr {h H$ånZr`m| _| Wr& X BpÊS>`Z _H©$ÝQ>mB©b, OZab ~r_m Am¡a ñdXoer bmB©\$ (Omo ~mX _| _w§~B© bmB©\$ Ho$ Zm_ go OmZr JB©&)
1912 go nhbo ^maV _o ~r_m ì`mnma Ho$ {b`o H$moB© ^r H$mZyZ Zht ~Zm Wm& 1912 _| bmB©\$ ~r_m H$ånZr A°ŠQ> n«mo{dSo>ÝS> \$ÝS> A°ŠQ> n«m[aV hþAm {Oggo n[aUm_ñdê$n ~r_m H$ånZr`m| Ho$ br`o AnZo {n«{_`_ aoQ> Qo>~ëg Am¡a no[aAmo{S>H$b d°ë`wEoeÝg H$mo _mÝ`Vm n«mßV A{YH$mar go n«_m{UV H$admZm Amdí`H$ hmo J`m& _Ja Bg Ymam Zo {dXoer Am¡a ^maVr` H$ånZr`m| Ho$ n«{V H$B© ñVa na ^oX ^md ^aVm Omo ^maVr` H$ånZr`m| Ho$ {b`o hmZrH$maH$ Wm& 20dm§v gXr Ho$ nhbo Xmo XeH$m| _| ~r_m H$m ì`mnma VoµOr go ~T>m& 44 H$ånZr`m|Zo Ohm± 22, 24 H$amo‹S> ê$n`o H$m ì`mnma {H$`m Am¡a 1938 Ho$ AmVo AmVo H$ånZr`m| H$r g§»`m ~‹T> H$a 176 hmo JB©& {OgH$m Hw$b ì`mnma 298 H$amo‹S> ê$n`o Wm& ~r_m H$ånZr`m| H$r VoµOr go ~‹T>Vo hþE CX²`moJ H$mo XoIH$a Hw$N> Am{W©H$ ê$n go H$_Omoa H$ånZr`m§ ^r gm_Zo Am`m§v {OZH$s `moOZm ~mX _| ~war Vah ZmH$m_ hþBª&
X ~r_m A°ŠQ> 1938 ^maV H$m nhbm Eogm H$m`Xm Wm {OgZo OrdZ ~r_m Ho$ gmW gmW g^r ~r_m H$ånZr`m| Ho$ CX²`moJ na amÁ` gaH$ma H$m ~‹S>m {Z`§ÌU bmJy {H$`m&
H$m\$s g_` go OrdZ ~r_m CX²`moJ H$mo amîQ´>r` H$aU n«XmZ H$aZo H$r _m§J Mb ahr Wr bo{H$Z BgZo J{V 1944 _| nH$‹S>r, O~ 1938 _o bo{Obo{Q>ìh Agoå~br Ho$ gm_Zo bmB©\$ ~r_m A°ŠQ> {~b H$mo g§emo{YV H$aZo H$m n«ñVmd aIm J`m& BgHo$ ~mdOyX ^maV _| H$m\$s g_` Ho$ ~mX OrdZ ~r_m H$ånZr`m| H$m amîQ´>r` H$aU 18 OZdar 1956 _| hþAm& amîQ´>r` H$aU Ho$ g_` ^maV _| H$ar~ 154 OrdZ ~r_m H$ånZr`m§, 16 {dXoer H$ånZr`m§o Am¡a 75 n«mo{dS|>ÝQ> H$ånZr`m§ H$m`©aV Wr&
BZ H$ånZr`m| H$m Xmo pñWVr`m| _| amîQ´>r` H$aU hþAm, n«mW{_H$ AdñWm _| BZ H$ånZr`m| Ho$ n«emg{ZH$ Am{YH$ma bo {b`o J`o, VËníMmV EH$ H«$mån«ohopÝgd {~b Ho$ VhV BZ H$ånZr`m| H$m ñdm{_Ëd ^r gaH$ma Zo AnZo H$ãOo _| bo {b`m& ^maVr` g§{dYmZ Zo 19 OyZ 1956 H$mo bmB©\$ ~r_m H$mo-Am°naoeZ A°ŠQ> nmg {H$`m, 1 gßQ|>~a 1956 _| bmB©\$ ~r_m H$m°-Am°naofZ Am°\$ BpÊS>`m {H$ ñWmnZm hþB©& {OgH$m CÔoe Wm {OdZ ~r_m H$mo ~‹So> n¡_mZo na \¡$bmZm, Img Vm¡a na Jm°d _|, Vm{H$ ^maV Ho$ ha ZmJ[aH$ H$mo n«`mßV Am{W©H$ ghm`Vm C{MV Xam| na H$admB© Om gHo$ Eb. AmB©. gr Ho$ 5 PmobZ A{YH$mar Wo, 33 {S>pìhOZb Am°{\$ga Am¡a 212 emIm A{YH$m[a`m|, BgHo$ Abmdm H$mo-Am°naoQ> Am°{\$g ^r ~Zm&
OrdZ ~r_m Ho$ H$m°ÝQ´o>ŠQ> Omo Ho$ bå~r Ad{Y Ho$ H$m°ÝQ´o>ŠQ> hmoVo h¡ Am¡a Bg nm°brgr Ho$ VhV ha Vah {H$ godmE§ Xr OmVm§v h¡§, ~mX Ho$ dfm}§ _| Bg ~mV H$r Oê$aV _ohgyg hþB© H$r BgH$s H$m`©n«Umbr H$m {dñVma {H$`m OmE Am¡a ha {Obm hoS>ŠdmQ©>a _| emIm Am°{\$g ^r ~Zm`o OmE& Eb. AmB©. gr H$m nyam KQ>Z ewê$ hþAm Am¡a ~‹So> n¡_mZo na Z`o Z`o emIm Am°{\$g Imobo J`o& nyZ©KQ>Z Ho$ n[aUm_ ñdê$n V_m_ godm`o BZ emImAm| _| ñWmZm§V[aV hmo J`r Am¡a g^r emImAm| boIm OmoIm {d^mJ ~Z JB© {Og H$mo-Am°naoeZ H$r H$m`©n«Umbr Am¡a n«Xe©Z _| H$B© H$B© JwZm gwYma hþAm&
Eogm XoIm J`m H$r 1957 _| bmb~mJ 200 H$amo‹S> ê$n`o Ho$ {~µOZog go H$m°-Am°naoeZ Zo 1969 - 70 VH$ AnZm {~µOZog 1000 H$amo‹S> ê$n`o VH$ nhþ±Mm {X`m, Am¡a AJbo {g\©$ Xg dfm|© _| hr Eb. AmB©. gr Zo AnZm {~µOZog 2000 H$amo‹S> ê$n`| VH$ nhþ±Mm {X`m& Am¡a O~ 80 Ho$ XeH$ {H$ ewê$dmV _| {\$a go nwZ©KQ>Z hþAm Vmo Xo - aH$_ H$r ZB© nm°brgr H$r dOh go ì`mnma 1985 - 86 VH$ 7000 H$amo‹S> ê$n`| go D$na Om nhþ±Mm&
AmO Eb. AmB©. gr H$m H$m_H$mO, nyar Vah go H$m°ånwQ>ar{H«$V 2048 emIm Am°{\$g go, 100 {S>pìhOZb Am°{\$g go, 7 PmoZb Am°{\$gog go Am¡a EH$ H$m° - Am°naoQ> Am°{\$gog go hmoVm h¡& Eb. AmB©. gr H$m dmB©S> E[a`m ZoQ>dH©$ 100 {S>pìhOZb Am°{\$gog H$mo, Am¡a _oQ´>mo E[a`m ZoQ>dH©$ g^r emIm Am°{\$g H$mo Amng _| Omo‹S>Vm h¡& Eb. AmB©. gr Zo Hw$N> ~¢H$m| Am¡a g{d©g n«modm`S>g© go ^r KQ>~§YZ {H$`m h¡, {Oggo MwZo hþ`o eham| _| Am°ZbmB©Z {n«{_`_ ^wJVmZ H$r gw{dYm {X Om gHo$& Cn^moŠVm H$mo A{YH$ go A{YH$ gw{dYm XoZo Ho$ {b`o Eb. AmB©. gr Zo B©. gr. Eg. Am¡a E. Q>r. E_. godmE§ ^r ewê$ H$r JB©& _w§~B©, Ah_Xm~mX, ~¢Jbmoa, MoÝZB©, h¡Xam~mX, H$mobH$mVm, nwUo, ZB© {Xëbr,Am¡a Xwga| eham| _| ^r Am°ZbmB©Z gw{dYmAmo§ Ho$ N>moQo> XâVa Am¡a AmB©. ìhr. Ama. Eg. Ho$ Abmdm nwN>VmM H|$ÝÐ ^r ~ZmE JE h¢& AnZo nm°brgr hmoëS>a H$mo gw{dYmOZH$ OmZH$mar n«mßV hmoZo H$r ÑpîQ> go Eb. AmB©. gr Zo goQ>bmB©Q> gånH©$ godm ewê$ H$r h¡& `o goQ>bmB©Q> Am°{\$gog N>moQo> hmoVo h¢ Am¡a H$ñQ>_a `hm± AmgmZr go nhþ±M gH$Vo h¢& BZ goQ>bmB©Q> Am°{\$gog Ho$ {S>{OQ>bamB©ÁS> aoH$mS©> H$mo H$hr§ ^r XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡, Am¡a BgH$s _XX go ^m{dî` _| Xwgar gw{dYmE§ ^r CnbãY hmo gHo$Jr&
OrdZ ~r_m Ho$ joÌ _| Eb. AmB©. gr AnZr n«^wËd ~Zm`o hþE h¡ `hm± VH$ Ho$ ^maVr` ~r_m Ho$ _| ^r, Am¡a OrdZ ~r_m Ho$ {dH$mg aoIm {MÌ na AnZo nwamZo A§H$Xmo H$mo g\$bVmnyd©H$ bm§KVm hþAm AmJo ~‹T> ahr h¡&
Eb. AmB©. gr. Zo dV©_mZ _| EH$ H$amo‹S> nm°brgr Omar H$r h¡& 15 Am°ŠQ>mo. 2005 _| BZgo 1,01,32,955 ZB© nm°brgr Omar H$aHo$ EH$ Z`m {H$Vu_mZ ~Zm`m h¡& {nN>bo gmb Ho$ _wH$m~bo 16.67 % {H$ {dH$mg Xa hm{gb H$r h¡& V~ go boH$a A~ VH$ Eb. AmB©. gr. Zo ~hþV gmao {H$Vu_mZ ~Zm`o h§¡ Am¡a OrdZ ~r_m ì`mnma Ho$ AbJ AbJ joÌ _| AZoH$m| ~ma n«Xe©Z go Z`o Z`o {H$Vu_mZ ~Zm`o h¡§&
{Og Amem Am¡a Anojmgo h_mao nyd©Om| Zo Bg Xoe _| OrdZ ~r_m H$m KQ>Z {H$`m Wm Cgr CÔoe H$mo boH$a AmO Eb. AmB©. gr. Zo Xoe Ho$ A{YH$ go A{YH$ Kam| _| gwajm H$r Á`mo{V H$mo n«Ád{bV aIZm MmhVr Wr BÝgmZ AnZo Am¡a AnZo n[adma H$r XoI^mb H$aZo _| gj_ hmo gHo$&
Eb. AmB©. gr. ì`mnma joÌ Ho$ Hw$N> {H$Vu_mZ :-
1818: Amo[aE§Q>b bmB©\$ ~r_m H$ånZr, ^maV H$r YaVr na H$m`©aV hmoZo dmbr nhbr H$ånZr&
1870: _w§~B© å`wMwAb bmB©\$ ~r_m gmogm`Q>r, ^maV H$r nhbr OrdZ ~r_m H$ånZr {OgZo AnZm ì`mnma ewê$ {H$`m&
1912: BpÊS>`Z bmB©\$ ~r_m H$ånZrO A°ŠQ> , OrdZ ~r_m ì`mnma H$mo ì`pñWV {H$Zo dmbm nhbm H$mZyZ ~Zm&
1928: BpÊS>`Z bmB©\$ ~r_m H$ånZrO A°ŠQ>, bmJy {H$`m VmHo$ gaH$ma H$mo gånyU© gyMZm n«mßV hmo gHo$&
1938: ~r_m A°ŠQ>, Ho$ Ûmam OZVm Ho$ A{YH$mam| H$r gwajm hoVw nhbo go _m¡OwX H$mZwZ H$m EH$sH$aU Am¡a g§emoYZ {H$`m J`m&
1956: H|$ÝÐ gaH$ma Am¡a amîQ´>r` H$aU Zo 245 ^maVr` Am¡a {dXoer ~r_m Am¡a n«mo{dSo>ÝQ> gmogm`Q>r H$mo AnZo Am{YZ {H$`m& Eb. AmB©. gr Zo A°ŠQ> Am°\$ nm{b©_|Q> H$r ñWmnZm H$r, O¡go 5 H$amo‹S> H$r ny§Or {Zdoe H$aHo$ ^maVr` gaH$ma Ho$ gmW Eb. AmB©. gr. A°ŠQ>, 1956 {H$ ñWmnZm.
X OZab ~r_m {~µOZog BZ BpÊS>`m, Am°Z Xr AXa h°ÊS> H°$Z Q´o>g BQ²>g ê$Q²>g Qy> {X., {X \$ñQ> OZab ~r_m H$ånZr BñQ>`mpãbe BZ X B`a 1850 BZ H$mobH$mVm ~m` {X {~«Q>re&
H$mobH$mVm _| {~«Q>re gaH$ma Ûmam 1850_| ñWm{nV hþB© nhbr {Q´>Q>moZ ~r_m H$ånZr {b{_Qo>S>&
^maVr` OZab ~r_m {~µOZog Ho$ Hw$N> _hËdnyU© {H$Vu_mZ…
1907: BpÊS>`Z _H©$ÝQ>mB©b ~r_m {b. Zo OZab ~r_m {~µOZog Ho$ g^r dJm}§ Ho$ gmW H$m`© H$aZo dmbr nhbr H$ånZr H$r ñWmnZm H$s&
1957: ~r_m Agmo{gEeZ Am°\$ BpÊS>`m H$r EH$ emIm, OZab ~r_m H$m°pÝgb Zo ~ohVa Am¡a K{ZîR> ì`mnma Ho$ Adga n«XmZ {H$`o&
1968: ~r_m A°ŠQ> Zo {Zdoe n«Umbr _| g§emoYZ {H$`m VWm F$U MwH$mZo `mo½` {ZåZ Ûmao ~Zm`r Am¡a Vm[a\$ E°S>pìhOar H${_Q>r H$r ^r ñWmnZm H$r&
1972: OZab ~r_m {~µOZog (Z°eZbm`OoeZ) A°ŠQ> Zo OZab ~r_m {~µOZog H$m 1972 _| amîQ´>r` H$aU {H$`m Omo 1 OZdar 1973 go bmJy hÿAm&
107: {ZdoeH$m§o H$mo Amng _| {_bmH$a 4 H$ån{Z`m| H$m g_yh ~Zm`m O¡go, X ZoeZb ~r_m H$ånZr {b. X Ý`y BpÊS>`m ~r_m H$ånZr {b. X Amo[aE§Q>b ~r_m H$ånZr {b. Am¡a {X `wZmB©Qo>S> BpÊS>`m ~r_m H$ånZr {b. Or. AmB©. gr BZH$m°nm}aoQo>S> A°O A H$ånZr&
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